LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 



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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 



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ORIGINAL 



BUST OF GEN'L U, S. GRANT. 



BY 



KARL GERHARDT, Sculptor. 



In Bronzk and Tkrra Cotta 




WM. N. WOODRUFF & CO., proprietors, 

HARTKORD, CONiSr. 



W. WAYNE VOGDES, Sales Agent, 

910 Filbert Street, 
PHILADELPHIA, PA. 



New York Office : 10 W. 23d St., Room 46. 






56) 



COPYRIGHT, 1885, 

By WM. N. WOODRUFF & CO. 



KARL GERllARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 



Karl Gerhardt is a native of Boston, of German parentage. 

He learned the trade of a machinist and first worked with the 
American Manufacturing Company of Chicopee, Massachusetts. 
In 1874 he went to California. On his return he was employed 
by the Pratt and Whitney Company as a designer of machinery. 
While thus engaged he made a bust of his wife, in his leisure hours, 
and subsequently a life-size statue of a " Startled Bather." 

These two works not only attracted the attention of the Hart- 
ford press, but so greatly interested Charles Dudley Warner and 
Samuel L. Clemens that they requested J. Q. A. Ward, the 
eminent sculptor, to pay them a visit and examine them. The 
object of this invitation was to ascertain whether the young amateur 
gave such proofs of talent that it would warrant the attempt to 
raise a sum of money large enough to pay his expenses to Europe, 
and to educate him under the best masters of the art in Paris. 

Mr. Ward's opinion was emphatically in favor of the scheme. 
After several efforts to enlist the co-operation of wealthy citizens 
had failed, Mr. Clemens (" Mark Twain ") and his wife determined 
to assume the expense themselves, both of travel and maintenance 
— a pledge which they nobly redeemed, although the fact is known 
to few persons outside of the young sculptor's personal friends. 

On his arrival at Paris, he successfully passed the preliminary 
examination. Among sixty competitors, most of them having been 
favorably circumstanced to study the art, the self-taught Hartford 
sculptor was recorded as the twenty-eighth. 

At the end of the first year, Mr. Gerhardt received, in the 
annual examination, an honorable mention ; at the end of the 
second year he was received at the annual Salon ; and in 1884, 
the last year of his study abroad, two pieces were received — 
" Echo," a marble statuette now in the possession of Mark Twain, 
and "Eve's Lullaby," a life-size group, which has just received a 
diploma of honor at the World's Exposition at New Orleans. 



4 KARL GERHARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 

OPINIONS OF FAMOUS SCULPTORS. 
Extract from a Letter. 

New York, December 12, 1884. 
Dear Mr. Gerhardt : — I saw and liked your work very much. 
The bust of Clemens is very strong. 

Very truly yours, 

J. Q. A. Ward. 



Extract from a Letter. 

New York, December 6, 1884. 

My dear Mr. Gerhardt : — I saw your sculpture here last 
week, and I wish, if my opinion of its merit can help you in any 
way, to say that I think your work good and will give it my sin- 
cere approval. 

Yours cordially, 

Augustus S. Gaudens. 



Art critics and students of art need no explanations to show 
the value of these subjoined commendations : 

" Je, soussigne, professeur a I'Ecole des Beaux-Arts, Membre de 
ITnstitute, certifie que M. Karl Gerhardt a fait ses etudes de sculp- 
ture sous ma direction, et qu'il a ete un de mes meilleurs eleves. 

II est aujourd'hui par etat de se charger de I'execution d'oeuvres 
importantes, et merite toute confiance par son talent et ses capa- 
cites acquises. Je crois done pouvoir recommander tout particu- 
lierement M. Karl Gerhardt comme un de mes eleves sur I'avenir 
duquel on pent fonder le plus grand espoir. 

A. Falguieres, 
Membre de ITnstitute, 
Officier de la Legion d'Honneur. 

Paris, le \\ Juin, 1884. 

MiNISTfeRE DE lTnSTRUCTION PuBLIQUE ET DES BeAUX-ArTS. 

Ecole Nationale et Speciale des Beaux-Arts. 

Je certifie que Monsieur Gerhardt, statuaire, a expose au Salon 
cette annee deux ouvrages de sculpture tres-interessants. Ce 
ieune homme, par ses aptitudes pour I'art et son ardeur au travail, 
est digne de ce qui pourra etre fait en sa faveur. 

Paul Dubois, 
Directeur de I'Ecole National des Beaux- Arts, 

Membre de ITnstitute. 



KARL GERHARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 5 

From the DictifliDiaire Vi^ron, Paris, 1 884 : 
Gerhardt (Karl). — "Eve chantant pour endormir son pre- 
mier-ne : groupe platre," ne manquant ni de sollicitude maternelle, 
ni de bonne etude. Mais, franchement, cette femmelette ordi- 
naire n'a rien de commun avec la mere de I'humanite ; on se 
demande meme comment des artistes ayant etudie Raphael et 
Michel- A^nge peuvent se tromper ainsi sur la conception d'une 
figure l^gendaire et symbolique d'une si haute importance. Qual- 
ites, neanmoins, en cette jeune et belle femme, sentant bien la 
nature ordinaire, mais ne pouvant conserver la pretention de rap- 
peler Eve. "Echo: statuette marbre," portant a droite et in- 
clinant sa gracieuse tete sur I'epaule du meme cote. La belle 
jeune fille vient de siffler un air de chalumeau, et ecoute avec 
surprise la repetition que lui en fait I'echo. II y a de la poesie et 
du style en cette bonne figurine de marbre. 



From the Same : 
Gerhardt (Karl). — "Tete d'etude " de jeune fille coiffee en 
rouleaux. Traits fins et suriants, d'un delicat modele et d'une in- 
telligente expression. 



From the Journal des Artistes, Paris: 
K. Gerhardt. — Deux tetes fortement ^tudiees et de grande 
attraction. C'est de la bonne sculpture. 



The Hartford correspondent of the New York Tribune thus 
speaks of Mr. Gerhardt's return to America in November, 1884 : 

Hartford, Conn., Nov. i. — The recent return to Hartford of 
Karl Gerhardt, the young sculptor who has pursued his studies 
abroad for several years, recalls a romantic story of his former 
residence here. He had then talent very little cultivated, great 
ambition, and a wife who believed in his future, but he had no 
money, and no income from his profession. Things went badly 
with him, and he was on the brink of despair. It was the old 
story of destitution and hopeless inability to make a start. The 
change to better circumstances was due wholly to his wife. She 
went to some people of culture, who v'ere able to see the promise 
in Gerhardt's work, and who were touched by the situation. The 
upshot of it was that a few of them became so thoroughly inter- 
ested as to furnish means for Gerhardt to go abroad and study 



6 KARL GERHARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 

under first-rate masters, and he has come back, with a good train- 
ing in technique, and with the prospect of making good all the 
hopes that were entertained of his future by those who first be- 
came interested in it. The whole story, with its details, sounds 
more like a chapter from a romance than a bit of modern prosaic 
life in an inland town. 



BUST OF GENERAL GRANT. 

Chicago Tribime. 
The bust made by Karl Gkrhardt (Mark Twain's protege) of 
Gen. Grant is said to be so faithful that it aroused the admiration 
of the General. The unfinished likeness was so good that in 
March last, while General Grant was ill, a friend took it to the 
family. The General saw and admired it, and invited Gerhardt 
to visit him and complete the bust by studies from life. Presently 
Gen. Grant, glancing from the bust to the mirror, said : " Don't 
touch it again ; it seems to me perfect." 



Extract from The Saratogian, July i8, 1885. 

Dr. J. H. Douglas yesterday received from Karl Gerhardt, 
the young sculptor, of Hartford, Conn., a very faithful terra-cotta 
bust of General Ulysses S. Grant. It was taken from life on 
March 20 last, when the sufferer was believed to be at death's 
portal, and just before Mrs. Nellie Sartoris returned from Europe 
and hurried to her father's sick-chamber at Sixty-sixth Street, New 
York City. It is of cabinet size. During that time the young ar- 
tist was present in the Grant house, and made a quiet study of the 
General as he sat in his chair or walked about the room. Charles 
Dudley Warner says that " the result of this permission is one of 
the most interesting and touching works of art that have been 
done in our day." As shown by the bust, the head is slightly 
drooping, cast forward in the attitude of reflection, and the face 
has a shadow of pain on it; yet the effect is rather that of heroic, pa- 
tient endurance of suffering than of suffering itself. The impression 
conveyed on observing the bust is that the distinguished subject is 
superior to the suffering, which he bears with the same serenity 
that characterized him during the war. The artist was yesterday 
at Mount McGregor engaged upon a bust of Nellie, the interest- 
ing young daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jesse R. Grant. 



KARL GERHARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 7 

PORTRAITS OF GRANT. 

Springfield Republican, July 26, 
The likenesses of Grant with which the papers have abounded 
have been for the most part libelous, and in fact no more like than 
in the preservation of a common type of face, and few of them have 
shown the least suggestion of character. We have seen none to 
equal in this respect the portrait which The Republican was enabled 
to present its readers. This was reproduced from a photograph 
by Pach, of New York, the latest that was taken of Grant in 
health, and while he yet wore the characteristic look of the com- 
mander of men. Except for the gray in the beard that rightly 
comes with sixty years, this picture of Grant looks as he did when 
he opened the Centennial Exposition. A drawing was made from 
the photograph by one of the best portrait painters in Boston, and 
a plate made by the Heliotype Company of that city. The result 
is remarkably satisfactory. The portrait of Gen. Grant has not 
often been painted, we believe ; Huntington has done it, and some 
others. Recently, in fact since the General's fatal sickness confined 
him to his house, the young sculptor, Karl Gerhardt, spent 
some time in the house on Sixty-sixth street. New York, studying 
Grant's face and head, and has made many replicas of the bust he 
first modeled for Mrs. Grant. He was granted the favor through 
Mark Twain's friendly regard. The country has heard of Ger- 
hardt's making a cast of Grant's face shortly after his death. He 
had spent some time at Mt. McGregor, and has made a clay model 
of the general as he was on his arrival, representing him in his 
chair, in his beaver-cloth dressing-gown, holding his pencil in his 
right hand and his writing-pad on his knee. This he purposes to 
reproduce in marble. It would seem to be a painful representa- 
tion, but is described as very interesting, and conveying the idea 
that impressed every one, of the indomitable will of the man. 
Gerhardt is a man of great native ability, and yet very young. 
He began to show his higher artistic capacities while in the service 
of the Ames Company at Chicopee a few years ago, and he married 
his wife from Chicopee ; she was an adopted daughter of the late 
Charles McClallan. His " Eve's Lullaby to Cain " won serious 
attention on its exhibition in New York, and he is now considered 
one of the foremost .\merican sculptors in promise. 



8 KARL GERHARD T, THE SCULPTOR. 

PLASTER MASK. 
N'ew York Herald, July 27. 
General Porter, Sunday afternoon, saw the plaster mask of the 
dead General's face made within half an hour after his death by 
Karl Gerhardt, the Hartford sculptor. General Porter held 
the mask in his hands, and studied it minutely and in silence for 
several moments. " That is most perfect," he finally said, and 
then touched a point on the right cheek, and added, " There is 
even the mole or wart on the general's face." 



THE BUST OF GENERAL GRANT. 
Hartford Courant, June 19, 1885. 

In the days of March, when General Grant was believed to be 
near the end of his life, and the whole American people were sym- 
pathetic watchers of his suffering, it fortunately occurred to some 
of his friends to permit Mr. Karl Gerhardt, the young Hart- 
ford sculptor, to be present in the house, and make a quiet study 
of the General as he sat in his chair or walked about his room. 
The result of this permission is one of the most interesting and 
touching works of art that have been done in our day. Its value 
is not simply that it is a striking likeness, but that it represents 
the hero as he appeared to the American people, bearing without 
a murmur the burden of accumulated mental and physical suffer- 
ing. The sculptor has chosen to make a bust a quarter life-size, 
but he has so given the massive quality of the General's head that 
it has the effect of much larger proportions. Usually a statuette 
is petty, and seems to belittle the character ; but this small head 
has such largeness and breadth of treatment that it is perfectly 
satisfactory. 

The likeness is excellent, both as to form and expression. The 
treatment of the eyes, under the heavy brows, is especially to be 
noted as full of character. The head is slightly drooping, cast 
forward in the attitude of reflection, and the face has a shadow of 
pain on it ; yet the effect is rather that of heroic, patient endurance 
of suffering than of suffering itself. The man suffers, but the 
thought conveyed is exactly the thought that was conveyed by the 
bulletins of the General's condition — that he was superior to his 
suffering, and bore it with the same serenity that he exhibited when 
he carried month after month and year after year, vicariously, the 
terrible strain and responsibility of the war. The spectator sees 



KARL GERHARDT, THE SCULPTOR. 9 

in this bust what he saw in General Grant during the war — un- 
complaining and heroic endurance. And in this respect it is 
altogether the most valuable likeness we have of the great com- 
mander. 

Good likenesses and satisfactory portraits in marble and bronze 
are not uncommon even in our day; but it is only now and then 
that one appears that by its art or by its sympathy has something in 
it to make it appeal to a universal sentiment, and to make it uni- 
versally desired. To attain this is the height of art, and in this 
lies the merit of Mr. Gerhardt's fortunate work. We recall at the 
moment one other modern portrait statue that has this touching 
and desired quality. It is Vela's Napoleon in the gallery of Ver- 
sailles. The figure is seated. On his lap lies a map of Europe. 
The head is bowed in contemplation of it. The last days at 
Helena have come, and as Napoleon regards the scene of his am- 
bition and glory, all the vanity of a frustrated life comes over him, 
and the face reflects the pathos of vast designs brought to naught. 
The face and figure make the strongest appeal to human sym- 
pathy. 

In something the same way, in this bust, the artist has appealed 
to a universal sympathy, and produced a work which has in it the 
touch of genius and deep feeling which all men respond to. 
While it is strong and noble and characteristic of the man, it is 
profoundly pathetic. We doubt if any artist could have pro- 
duced it who was not moved by the universal feeling of sympathy 
and love which flowed out toward Grant when it was taken, 
which has enabled him to give to it that final great quality with- 
out which any picture or statue is cold and without real power. 
In landscape, the picture must have beauty and poetry that are 
not in mere form or color, and in sculpture the portrait must 
have, beyond the likeness, a deep touch of human nature, of 
genuine feeling. 

It is because Mr. Gkrhardt has succeeded in this region of feel- 
ing and expression that we regard his bust of General Grant as 
exceptional and very remarkal)le in modern sculpture. 

The original is retained by the family of General Grant ; but 
we are glad that arrangements have been made for the production 
of replicas in bronze and terra-cotta, for this is a work of sym- 
pathetic art that the whole country will appreciate and value 
more and more as a representation of our military hero in the 
brave endurance of his last affliction. Charles D. Warner. 



10 KARL GERHARD T, THE SCULPTOR. 

GERHARDT'S BUST OF MARK TWAIN. 
Hartford Courant, October^, 1884. 

The bust of Mr. S. L. Clemens, which Mr. Karl Gerhardt 
modeled at Ehnira last summer, and which has just been put in 
bronze in Philadelphia, can now be seen at the gallery of Mr. Vorce. 
Mr. Gerhardt, who belongs in Hartford, has been for four years 
a student of sculpture in Paris, where he gained commendation 
from the highest critics and admission to the Salon. 

There is other finished work of this young artist in this country 
which gives an idea of his ability as an artist, but this piece is all 
that is needed to judge of his capabilities in portrait statuary. 
The first requisite in this sort of work is the likeness. The work 
may be a fair likeness and very bad art, but it must first of all 
satisfy the desire for resemblance to the original. This bust of 
Mr. Clemens does that completely. It is exceedingly rare, even 
in the work of master artists, that this condition is so completely 
complied with. And the resemblance is not the superficial one of 
the photograph. We have seen occasional fat, smooth busts which 
are not a grade above colored photographs as works of art. This 
is not of that sort ; it gives the character of the sitter, his peculi- 
arities, and we may say the nature and the temperament of the man. 
But notice how this is effected. Not by petty and timid details. 
The material is handled with perfect freedom and boldness — this 
is apparent in the modeling of the hair and moustache as of the 
face. Everything is given in broad masses, full of strength and 
character — no prettiness here. We call attention to the manner 
in which the likeness is produced, because it is this that makes the 
bust a work of art, and lifts it into a field where it deserves the 
highest criticism. We are not attempting now any adequate criti- 
cism of it ; we are merely asking that it be considered as a work 
of art, for it seems to us more worthy of study than anything of 
the sort that has appeared here in a long time. It is simple in all 
its lines, but massive and solid in treatment, and it has a noble 
dignity and repose. We may not be able to separate our impres- 
sion of it as a portrait from its effect simply as a work of art, but 
it seems to us to have very high merit, and a very unusual sort 
of excellence. It is worth studying. 

Charles Dudley Warner. 



TESTIMONIALS. 1 1 

From Commander-in-Chief S. S. Burdett. 

Head-quarters Grand Army of the Repuhi.ic, \ 

Washington, D. Q.,July 20, 1885. ^ 

Karl Gerhardt, Esq. 

Dear Sir : — I am in receipt, through the kindness of Mr. 
Vogdes, of a replica in terra-cotta of your bust of General Grant. 
Permit me to thank you for your consideration, but more especially 
to take the occasion to express my admiration for the faithfulness 
and the wonderful suggestiveness of the work. It tells the story 
of these later days — why all men's hearts are turned toward its 
subject — and justifies as well the verdict already in, that he 
stands among the greatest of the leaders of men. 

To his comrades of the Grand Army of the Republic, growing 
old with him, it will be of peculiar interest. 

I shall be excused for the expression of a hope that this lesser 
work is the harbinger of something of heroic form that may find 
a place among the monuments that sooner or later the Nation will 
set up in memory of her faithful son. 

Very truly yours, 

S. S. Burdett. 



From Ex. -Gov. Jno. F. Hartranft, Fen?m., Fast Com.-in-Chief 

G. A. R. 

Philadelphia, /m/v 18, 1885. 
W. Wayne Vogdes, Esq., P/iila., Fa. 

Dear Sir : — I thank you very warmly for the replica in terra- 
cotta of Mr. Karl Gerhardt's bust of Gen. Grant. 

Although no connoisseur, I am much impressed with the firm- 
ness and breadth of the artist's treatment of his subject. He has 
produced a very effective likeness of the great soldier, who has 
fought the good fight and patiently awaits the end. 
Like all works of true art, it grows on one. 

Yours very truly, 

J. F. Hartranft. 



From Gen. Louis Wagner, Fast Commander-in-Chief G. A. R. 

W. Way tie Vogdes, Esq., 910 Filbert St., Fhilada. 

Dear Sir and Comrade : — Many thanks for the terra-cotta 
bust of Gen. Grant which I find here on my return from the 
National Encampment G. A. R. at Portland, Me. 



12 TESTIMONIALS. 

Notwithstanding the effects of the continued illness of our be- 
loved comrade, which are plainly apparent, the likeness is a good 
one, and, as the last one likely to be taken, it must commend itself 
to all who desire a final reminder of the greatest soldier of mod- 
ern times. 

Yours fraternally, 

Louis Wagner. 



From Maj. Geo. S. Merrill, Past Com. -in-Chief G. A. Ji. 

Lawrence, Mass.j/m/j' i8, 1885. 

My dear Comrade : — I have to thank you for Gerhardt's 
bust of Gen. Grant to-day received. 

I like it much. The artist seems to have been unusually suc- 
cessful, producing, with remarkable faithfulness, the features and 
expression of the great American soldier. 

There is in the face just a tinge of the pain of these past months, 
but in a yet more marked degree that grim determination with which 
the old hero contested the battle so relentlessly thrust upon him. 

The bust can hardly fail to prove of general interest to the 
American people, and I cordially commend your plan of present- 
ing it to the public through the agency of comrades of the Grand 
Army of the Republic. 

Sincerely yours, 
(Signed) Geo. S. Merrill. 



From Jno. S. Kountz, Fast Commander-in-Chief G. A. R. 

Toledo, Ohio, July 17, 18S5. 
Kai'l Gerhardt. 

Dear Sir : — I have this day received through W. Wayne 
Vogdes, 910 Filbert Street, Philadelphia, the terra-cotta bust, you 
have so kindly sent me, of our beloved and illustrious comrade. 
General Grant, the great military chieftain who led the armies of 
the Republic to victory. 

I regard the bust a remarkable piece of work, of real artistic 
merit, and the likeness is most excellent. 

Very truly yours, 

John S. Kountz. 



TESTIMONIA LS. 1 3 

Head-quarters Department of Ohio, 

Grand Army of the Republic, 
Office of Department Commander, 

Zanesville, Ohio, July 30, 1885. 
Karl Gcrhardi. 

Dear Sir : — I beg to acknowledge the receipt of the bust of 
the late Gen. U. S. Grant, and to express my hearty appreciation 
of your generosity, and of the splendid work of art which so 
faithfully preserves to all future generations a perfect likeness of 
the greatest military chieftain of this or any other age. I am sure 
I voice the sentiment of the old soldiers of this country when I say 
you have rendered us all an inestimable service in the production 
of this striking portrait of our dear old commander. 

Gratefully yours, 

R. B. Brown. 



Frotti General Jas. A. Beaver. 

Bellefonte, Vk., July 17, 18S5. 
W. Way tie Vogdes, Esq., 

910 Filbert Street, PJiiladelphia, Pa. 

My dear Sir : — Your letter of the 15th inst. has been received. 
It gives me pleasure, also, to acknowledge the receipt by express 
of the replica in terra-cotta of Karl Gerhardt's bust of Gen- 
eral Grant. 

The romantic and successful career of Mr. Gerhardt would, of 
itself, lend interest to any of his works ; but the peculiar, and I 
may say affectionate regard which attaches to General Grant, and 
anything connected with him at the present time, makes this work 
of surpassing interest. I have not seen General Grant since his 
present illness, but the peculiar features which stamp his individ- 
uality have all been retained in a marked degree, and there is, in 
addition, a shade over the countenance which indicates the in- 
tensity of suffering through which he has passed. Those who 
have never seen General Grant except in health, and who have 
seen him at his best, when engaged in an interesting conversation, 
will appreciate the fidelity with which the artist has portrayed 
what they remember of the General, and at the same time has as 
faithfully delineated the feelings which to a great extent must 
have found expression in his face at the time the studies for the 
bust were made. These combine, in my judgment, to give the 



14 TESTIMONIALS. 

great charm to the work of art, which I shall highly prize, and 
which I hope in the future to secure in more durable material. 
With very sincere thanks for your kindness, I am, 

Very cordially yours, 
{Signed) James A. Beaver. 



Mt. McGregor, /«</v i8, 1885. 
Dear Sir : — I like your bust of my father very much. It is 
as I remember him earlier in my life, /. <?., in war times. I thank 
you very much for the one you have just sent to me. 

Yours respectfully, 

Jesse Grant. 
To K. Gerhardt, Esq. 



From H. B. Sands, M.D. 

35 West 330 Street, New York, ) 
Augtist 3, 1885. f 

Mr. Karl Gerhardt. 

Dear Sir : — I am very glad to possess the copy of your excel- 
lent bust of Gen. Grant which I received a few days ago. The 
likeness seems to me to be accurate and life-like, while the expres- 
sion is strong and natural. Yours very truly, 

H. B. Sands. 



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SPECIAL NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS. 



When a Bronze Bust is delivered , please notice number 
affixed thereto. The quantity of Bronze Busts to be sold is limited. 
The number of each, together with its subscriber's name, will be 
registered at our office ; a corresponding number should appear on the 
Prospectus of our representative opposite subscriber's name. 

Respectfully, 

WM. N. WOODRUFF & CO. 



Agents must observe this notice when delivery is made. 



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